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GyoiThon - A Growing Penetration Test Tool Using Machine Learning


GyoiThon is a growing penetration test tool using Machine Learning.
GyoiThon identifies the software installed on web server (OS, Middleware, Framework, CMS, etc...) based on the learning data. After that, it executes valid exploits for the identified software using Metasploit. Finally, it generates reports of scan results. GyoiThon executes the above processing automatically.
  • Processing steps

GyoiThon executes the above "Step1" - "Step4" fully automatically.
User's only operation is to input the top URL of the target web server in GyoiThon.
It is very easy!
You can identify vulnerabilities of the web servers without taking time and effort.

Processing flow

Step 1. Gather HTTP responses.
GyoiThon gathers several HTTP responses of target website while crawling.
The following are example of HTTP responses gathered by GyoiThon.
  • Example.1
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 Date: Tue, 06 Mar 2018 03:01:57 GMT
 Connection: close
 Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
 Etag: "409ed-183-53c5f732641c0"
 Content-Length: 15271
 
 ...snip...
  • Example.2
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 Date: Tue, 06 Mar 2018 06:56:17 GMT
 Connection: close
 Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
 Set-Cookie: f00e68432b68050dee9abe33c389831e=0eba9cd0f75ca0912b4849777677f587;
 path=/;
 Content-Length: 37496
 
 ...snip...
  • Example.3
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 Date: Tue, 06 Mar 2018 04:19:19 GMT
 Connection: close
 Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
 Content-Length: 11819
 
 ...snip...
 
  <script src="/core/misc/drupal.js?v=8.3.1"></script>

Step 2. Identify product name.
GyoiThon identifies product name installed on web server using following two methods.

1. Based on Machine Learning.
By using Machine Learning (Naive Bayes), GyoiThon identifies software based on a combination of slightly different features (Etag value, Cookie value, specific HTML tag etc.) for each software. Naive Bayes is learned using the training data which example below (Training data). Unlike the signature base, Naive Bayes is stochastically identified based on various features included in HTTP response when it cannot be identified software in one feature.
  • Example.1
Etag: "409ed-183-53c5f732641c0"
GyoiThon can identify the web server software Apache.
This is because GyoiThon learns features of Apache such as "Etag header value (409ed-183-53c5f732641c0). In our survey, Apache use combination of numeral and lower case letters as the Etag value. And, Etag value is separated 4-5 digits and 3-4 digits and 12 digits, final digit is 0 in many cases.
  • Example.2
Set-Cookie: f00e68432b68050dee9abe33c389831e=0eba9cd0f75ca0912b4849777677f587;
GyoiThon can identify the CMS Joomla!.
This is because GyoiThon learns features of Joomla! such as "Cookie name (f00e6 ... 9831e) " and "Cookie value (0eba9 ... 7f587). In our survey, Joomla! uses 32 lower case letters as the Cookie name and Cookie value in many cases.

Training data (One example)
  • Joomla! (CMS)
Set-Cookie: ([a-z0-9]{32})=[a-z0-9]{26,32};
 Set-Cookie: [a-z0-9]{32}=([a-z0-9]{26,32});
 ...snip...
  • HeartCore (Japanese famous CMS)
Set-Cookie:.*=([A-Z0-9]{32});.*
 <meta name=["'](author)["'] content=["']{2}.*
 ...snip...
  • Apache (Web server software)
Etag:.*".*-[0-9a-z]{3,4}-[0-9a-z]{13}")[\r\n]
 ...snip...

2. Based on String matching.
Of course, GyoiThon can identify software by string matching also used in traditional penetration test tools. Examples are shown below.
  • Example.3
<script src="/core/misc/drupal.js?v=8.3.1"></script>
GyoiThon can identify the CMS Drupal.
It is very easy.

Step 3. Exploit using Metasploit.
GyoiThon executes exploit corresponding to the identified software using Metasploit and it checks whether the software is affected by the vulnerability.

  • Running example
[*] exploit/multi/http/struts_code_exec_exception_delegator, target: 1, payload: linux/x86/shell/reverse_nonx_tcp, result: failure
 [*] exploit/multi/http/struts_code_exec_exception_delegator, target: 1, payload: linux/x86/shell/reverse_tcp, result: failure
 [*] exploit/multi/http/struts_code_exec_exception_delegator, target: 1, payload: linux/x86/shell/reverse_tcp_uuid, result: failure
 [*] exploit/multi/http/struts_code_exec_exception_delegator, target: 1, payload: linux/x86/shell_bind_ipv6_tcp, result: failure
 [*] exploit/multi/http/struts_code_exec_exception_delegator, target: 1, payload: linux/x86/shell_bind_tcp, result: failure
 
 ...snip...
 
 [*] exploit/linux/http/apache_continuum_cmd_exec, target: 0, payload: generic/custom, result: failure
 [*] exploit/linux/http/apache_continuum_cmd_exec, target: 0, payload: generic/debug_trap, result: failure
 [*] exploit/linux/http/apache_continuum_cmd_exec, target: 0, payload: generic/shell_bind_tcp, result: failure
 [*] exploit/linux/http/apache_continuum_cmd_exec, target: 0, payload: generic/shell_reverse_tcp, result: failure
 [*] exploit/linux/http/apache_continuum_cmd_exec, target: 0, payload: generic/tight_loop, result: bingo!!

Step 4. Generate scan report.
GyoiThon generates a report that summarizes vulnerabilities.
Report's style is html.
  • sample


Demonstration movie


Usage

Step.0 Initialize Metasploit DB
Firstly, you initialize metasploit db (postgreSQL) using msfdb command.
[email protected]:~# msfdb init

Step.1 Launch Metasploit Framework
You launch Metasploit on the remote server that installed Metasploit Framework such as Kali Linux.
[email protected]:~# msfconsole
 ______________________________________________________________________________
 |                                                                              |
 |                   METASPLOIT CYBER MISSILE COMMAND V4                        |
 |______________________________________________________________________________|
      \\                                  /                      /
       \\     .                          /                      /            x
        \\                              /                      /
         \\                            /          +           /
          \\            +             /                      /
           *                        /                      /
                                   /      .               /
    X                             /                      /            X
                                 /                     ###
                                /                     # % #
                               /                       ###
                      .       /
     .                       /      .            *           .
                            /
                           *
                  +                       *
 
                                       ^
 ####      __     __     __          #######         __     __     __        ####
 ####    /    \\ /    \\ /    \\      ###########     /    \\ /    \\ /    \\      ####
 ################################################################################
 ################################################################################
 # WAVE 4 ######## SCORE 31337 ################################## HIGH FFFFFFFF #
 ################################################################################
                                                           https://metasploit.com
 
 
       =[ metasploit v4.16.15-dev                         ]
 + -- --=[ 1699 exploits - 968 auxiliary - 299 post        ]
 + -- --=[ 503 payloads - 40 encoders - 10 nops            ]
 + -- --=[ Free Metasploit Pro trial: http://r-7.co/trymsp ]
 
 msf >

Step.2 Launch RPC Server
You launch RPC Server of Metasploit following.
msf> load msgrpc ServerHost=192.168.220.144 ServerPort=55553 User=test Pass=test1234
 [*] MSGRPC Service: 192.168.220.144:55553
 [*] MSGRPC Username: test
 [*] MSGRPC Password: test1234
 [*] Successfully loaded plugin: msgrpc
msgrpc options description
ServerHost IP address of your server that launched Metasploit. Above example is 192.168.220.144.
ServerPort Any port number of your server that launched Metasploit. Above example is 55553.
User Any user name using authentication (default => msf). Above example is test.
Pass Any password using authentication (default => random string). Above example is test1234.

Step.3 Edit config file.
You have to change following value in config.ini
...snip...
 
 [GyoiExploit]
 server_host      : 192.168.220.144
 server_port      : 55553
 msgrpc_user      : test
 msgrpc_pass      : test1234
 timeout          : 10
 LHOST            : 192.168.220.144
 LPORT            : 4444
 
 ...snip...
config description
server_host IP address of your server that launched Metasploit. Your setting value ServerHost in Step2.
server_port Any port number of your server that launched Metasploit. Your setting value ServerPort in Step2.
msgrpc_user Metasploit's user name using authentication. Your setting value User in Step2.
msgrpc_pass Metasploit's password using authentication. Your setting value Pass in Step2.
LHOST IP address of your server that launched Metasploit. Your setting value ServerHost in Step2.

Step.4 Edit target file.
GyoiThon accesses target server using host.txt.
So, you have to edit host.txt before executing GyoiThon.
  • sample of host.txt
    target server => 192.168.220.148
    target port => 80
    target path => /oscommerce/catalog/
192.168.220.148 80 /oscommerce/catalog/
You have to separate IP address, port number and target path using single space.
Note
Current gyoithon.py is provisional version that without crawling function. We'll upgrade gyoithon.py by April 9. Then, target path will be unnecessary.

Step.5 Run GyoiThon
You execute GyoiThon following command.
[email protected]:~$ python gyoithon.py

Step.6 Check scan report
Please check scan report using any web browser.
[email protected]:~$ firefox "gyoithon root path"/classifier4gyoithon/report/gyoithon_report.html

Tips

1. How to add string matching patterns.
signatures path includes four files corresponding to each product categories.
[email protected]:~$ ls "gyoithon root path"/signatures/
 signature_cms.txt
 signature_framework.txt
 signature_os.txt
 signature_web.txt
  • signature_cms.txt
    It includes string matching patterns of CMS.
  • signature_framework.txt
    It includes string matching patterns of FrameWork.
  • signature_os.txt
    It includes string matching patterns of Operating System.
  • signature_web.txt
    It includes string matching patterns of Web server software.
If you want to add new string matching patterns, you add new string matching patterns at last line in each file.
ex) How to add new string matching pattern of CMS at signature_cms.txt.
[email protected](Powered by TikiWiki)
 [email protected]<.*=(.*/wp-).*/.*>
 [email protected](<meta name="generator" content="WordPress).*>
 
 ...snip...
 
 [email protected]*(href="fileadmin/templates/).*>
 [email protected](<meta name="generator" content="TYPO3 CMS).*>
 "new product name"@"regex pattern"
 [EOF]
Note
Above new product name must be a name that Metasploit can identify. And you have to separate new product name and regex pattern using @.

2. How to add learning data.
signatures path includes four files corresponding to each product categories.
[email protected]:~$ ls "gyoithon root path"/classifier4gyoithon/train_data/
 train_cms_in.txt
 train_framework_in.txt
 train_os_in.txt
 train_web_in.txt
  • train_cms_in.txt
    It includes learning data of CMS.
  • train_framework_in.txt
    It includes learning data of FrameWork.
  • train_os_in.txt
    It includes learning data of Operating System.
  • train_web_in.txt
    It includes learning data of Web server software.
If you want to add new learning data, you add learning data at last line in each file.
ex) How to add new learning data of CMS at train_cms_in.txt.
[email protected](Set-Cookie: [a-z0-9]{32}=.*);
 [email protected](Set-Cookie: .*=[a-z0-9]{26,32});
 
 ...snip...
 
 [email protected](xoops\.js)
 [email protected](xoops\.css)
 "new product name"@"regex pattern"
 [EOF]
Note
Above new product name must be a name that Metasploit can identify. And you have to separate new product name and regex pattern using @.
And you have to delete trained data (*.pkl).
[email protected]:~$ ls "gyoithon root path"/classifier4gyoithon/trained_data/
 train_cms_out.pkl
 train_framework_out.pkl
 train_web_out.pkl
 [email protected]:~$ rm "gyoithon root path"/classifier4gyoithon/trained_data/*.pkl

3. How to change "Exploit module's option".
When GyoiThon exploits, it uses default value of Exploit module options.
If you want to change option values, please input any value to "user_specify" in exploit_tree.json as following.

 "unix/webapp/joomla_media_upload_exec": {
     "targets": {
         "0": [
             "generic/custom",
             "generic/shell_bind_tcp",
             "generic/shell_reverse_tcp",
 
 ...snip...
 
         "TARGETURI": {
             "type": "string",
             "required": true,
             "advanced": false,
             "evasion": false,
             "desc": "The base path to Joomla",
             "default": "/joomla",
             "user_specify": "/my_original_dir/"
         },
Above example is to change value of TARGETURI option in exploit module "exploit/unix/webapp/joomla_media_upload_exec" to "/my_original_dir/" from "/joomla".

Operation check environment
  • Kali Linux 2017.3 (for Metasploit)
    • Memory: 8.0GB
    • Metasploit Framework 4.16.15-dev
  • ubuntu 16.04 LTS (Host OS)
    • CPU: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-5200U 2.20GHz
    • Memory: 8.0GB
    • Python 3.6.1（Anaconda3）
    • docopt 0.6.2
    • jinja2 2.10
    • msgpack-python 0.4.8
    • pandas 0.20.3

Contact
[email protected]



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